When we proxy trade finance by the sum of trade finance loans and export-adjusted notes receivable, elasticity estimates range between 0.18-0.31 depending on the sample of exporters. These estimates are comparable to single and multi-instrument…
The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) was established to promote the exports of developing economies to industrialized economies through non reciprocal trade preferences. This chapter investigates the effect of the GSP on
making trade work for…
La llegada del COVID-19 a finales del año 2019, sumado a un mundo multipolar, una Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) en plena crisis, la paralización –en parte– de las negociaciones económicas internacionales de nuevos acuerdos comerciales,…
The growing importance of trade in services in the international economy motivates the study of different factors that may influence the development of this sector. This paper seeks to contribute to the scarce research on access to financing for the…
We examine the financial risk management of the climate crisis from three perspectives. First, we assess the serious risks from climate change. The ecological and financial consequences of climate change depend on the future path of emissions, as…
This article is an empirical attempt to explore the relationship between sanctions (financial and non-financial), oil price shocks and Iran-Russian bilateral trade flows over the period 1991–2014. In contrast to earlier studies in which a gravity…