Expert comment (with Prachi Agarwal, ODI Global) on the EU-India Free Trade Agreement signed in January 2026. It finds that the agreement’s trade and gender provision consists mostly of non-binding commitments that sit under each party’s right to…
Digital trade has been driven by the technological revolution and the universalisation of the Internet, redefining both consumption and the structure of international trade. Despite its potential benefits, the digital transformation has brought with…
In this paper, a complex interplay is demonstrated, indicating that the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR)
and patent protection varies in certain trade contexts. We review the IPR and patent laws in Oman and subsequent
amendments…
In recent years, trade agreements between states have evolved, expanding the topics addressed, including, in some cases, chapters on gender. The general objective of this study is to determine whether the Gender Chapter of the Interim Trade…
The main idea of this paper is that the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone should proactively align with international high - standard investment facilitation rules (especially the WTO Agreement on Investment Facilitation, the Comprehensive and…
This article critically examines the state of trade facilitation in Kenya, highlighting the interplay
between institutional reforms, infrastructure development, and regional integration
commitments. Anchored within the framework of the WTO Trade…
Recent research on international trade suggests that economic development and growth occur as countries gain knowledge and learn to produce and export more sophisticated products. This study examines the effect of trade facilitation on economic…
This paper examines the impact of trade facilitation factors on trade flows, with a particular focus on Global Value Chains (GVCs) in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Using the structural gravity model of international and intra-national…
This chapter provides an overview of the growing influence of both labour standards and gender equality concerns in contemporary trade debates, and in particular how existing FTAs have increasingly accommodated both types of issues. In the following…
In recent years, more and more countries have included different kinds of gender considerations in their trade agreements. Yet many countries have still not signed their very first agreement with a gender equality-related provision. Though most of…