this study aims to examine the digital readiness of rwandan women entrepreneurs andits effect on business performance within the context of afcFta. the study employeda mixed-methods approach, including a cross-sectional survey on 94 rwandan…
This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
This study analyses the conditions under which co-opetition improves the supply of health care services in Benin. Using non-centralised administrative data from a sample of public and private health centres, we apply network theory and negative…
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global public health governance and the international trade system, particularly in the distribution of essential medical products. Despite entering a post-pandemic era, the risk of future…
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global public health governance and the international trade system, particularly in the distribution of essential medical products. Despite entering a post-pandemic era, the risk of future…
The Indo-Pacific has become a key site for legal responses to the global digital economy. While the region includes several advanced digital markets, major differences in infrastructure and regulatory capacity remain. Governments are introducing…
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
The global economy has experienced numerous economic crises over the past two decades, from the global financial crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukraine war. These crises have had a severe impact on economies that have less…
In Africa’s efforts to achieve economic growth and enhance integration, the focus on intra-regional trade has intensified, fuelled by geographical proximity, and interconnected market dynamics. However, significant obstacles remain, one of which…
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…