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National Implementation of International Economic Law: Taiwan
National Implementation of International Economic Law: Taiwan
Revisiting transparency standards in investor–state dispute settlement vis-a-vis third-party funding: how much transparency is too much transparency?
This article examines the relationship between transparency and legitimacy in investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) jurisprudence, particularly in the context of Third-Party Funding (TPF). The initial section of the paper scrutinizes transparency…
The Reparation Theory in European Union Damages Liabilities Cases: Challenges for Data Breaches
As data breaches often affect a large number of data subjects, the material and non-material damages sustained from the violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are staggering. Meanwhile, EU law lacks clarity on this subject.…
The Emerging Model for Harmonizing Cross-Border Data Transfer Laws: From the APEC’s to the Global CBPR Framework
Cross-border data transfer is a controversial topic in modern digital trade law due to the different positions of major economies. While several efforts to harmonize cross-border data transfer laws have been made in the multilateral or regional…
From Confrontation To Coexistence: An Appeal Opt-Out Arrangement As An Inclusive Approach To Revive The WTO Dispute Settlement System?
Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on…
Disciplining CBDCs: Achieving the Balance between Privacy Protection and Central Bank Independence
Central bank digital currency (“CBDC”) is a crucial FinTech development that aspires to overhaul the current payment system. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, CBDCs' promises to reduce personal contact, facilitate socially desirable use of…
The Problems of Using the Latest Institutional Arbitration Rules for Investment Treaty Disputes
International arbitration institutions have been requested to administer an increasing number of investment disputes. In investment arbitration, a responding state usually stipulates its standing offers to arbitrate in the bilateral investment…
Adequate Level of Data Protection and ADR in Cross-border Data Disputes — International Trade Law Perspective
Regulatory measures on cross-border data flows are essential to personal data protection laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) of the European Union (“EU”) is one of such influential personal data protection regimes, which has become…
Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
This article was published in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law.   More information on this publication is available here. 
Convergence on e-commerce: the case of Argentina, Brazil and MERCOSUR
E-commerce is growing rapidly in Argentina and Brazil, and in both countries the share of the population participating in e-commerce transactions exceeds the Latin American average. Both countries have established a legal framework for data…