This article examines the evolving integration of farming and livestock keeping in Kenya and Tanzania, and its impact on livelihoods, land use, food security, and the environment. It finds that “hybrid” agropastoral livelihoods, which blend these…
Over six decades (1961–2021), Tanzania's agriculture transformed significantly due to population growth, policy shifts, and climate variability. Agricultural land expanded by 52% and arable land by 160%, but rapid population growth (3.38% annually)…
Agro-pastoral conflicts remain a major concern in sub-Saharan Africa. This article examines the sources of agro-pastoral conflicts in Benin and evaluates the effectiveness of the politico-institutional measures. The evaluation focuses on multiple…
In recent years, trade agreements between states have evolved, expanding the topics addressed, including, in some cases, chapters on gender. The general objective of this study is to determine whether the Gender Chapter of the Interim Trade…
In 2019, the European Union launched the European Green Deal; a project to make the EU a climate-neutral area. As part of this project the EU, in 2023, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union approved the Regulation (EU) 2023/…
Digital trade is one of the promising areas for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and a factor of succcess of the African Union Digital Transformation Strategy (DTS) for Africa (2020–2030). However, the benefts of digital trade are…
We study the effect of the labor clauses (LCs) in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on the informal economy. Using a sample comprising 112 countries for the period 2000-2017, we show that PTAs increase informality in low- and middle-income…
Conformity assessment, as a crucial means of ensuring that products meet technical regulations or standards, serves as both a "passport" for international trade and a major vehicle for technical barriers to trade.In response to the practical needs…