The surge in global demand, coupled with increased transportation and resource extraction, has drawn criticism for its perceived neglect of sustainable development in the realm of international trade. This economic activity poses threats by…
The importance of traceability has been steadily increasing, impacting not only the operational dynamics of businesses but also significantly influencing consumer behavior. Traceability emerges as a pivotal element in mitigating the challenges…
By the end of August 2023, 15 FTAs to which Vietnam is a party are still in effect, of which 4 are so-called new-generation FTAs. Having these treaty texts signed and ratified, i.e. having the law in books, is not enough; it is just the necessary…
The inclusion of sustainable development provisions in international investment agreements (IIAs) has proliferated. Compared with the initial purpose of investment protection, the creation of IIAs has been moving towards balancing the interest of…
Innovation is recognized as an important catalyst for growth and competitiveness in the global economy, yet its specific impact on firm performance remains inadequately explored, particularly across different sectors in the context of developing…
Pakistan and China have a deep bilateral partnership based on trust, diplomacy, and shared interests. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) are the main pillars of their economic cooperation. However,…
A persistent problem faced by Pakistan has been the balance of payments deficit. The merchandise exports have been considerably lower than the merchandise imports. Pakistan has not been able to move up the quality ladder which is why the exports…
Pakistan is once again grappling with a severe economic crisis marked by a persistent balance of payments deficit, stagnant growth, inflation, rising unemployment, and deepening poverty. At the heart of this crisis lies a chronic export shortfall.…
In recent years, the debate surrounding free trade versus protectionism has intensified, particularly as industrialized countries face increasing competition from emerging economies. This argument is of particular importance to Pakistan which faces…
Increased market access through trade liberalization can affect the markups, prices, and marginal costs of exporters. Understanding these dynamics is critical for firms and policymakers, particularly as they formulate export strategies. We examine…